Fill in each gap with one word .


1.  An acronym IP in an IP clause or IP law stands for (1 p.) (1 p.) .

2.  When an author (1 p.) their right in a piece of work to another person they transfer the ownership of the right permanently.

3.  When the author only gives permission to use their work and remain the owner, the only (1 p.) a licence.

4.  A person who assigns their right to the assignee is known as the (1 p.) .

5.  A licensor lets another party, known as the (1 p.) to use their intellectual property.

6.  Most directors would like to keep the company’s business premises free from any (1 p.) , e.g. mortgage or lien, because it may cause difficulties when they decide to sell the premises.

7.  In English when you want to say to violate the law, a contract or a right, you say to (1 p.) the law, but to (1 p.) a contract or to (1 p.) a right.

8.  In English when you want to say to transfer a right, the ownership of real property (immovables) or personal property (movables), you say to (1 p.) a right, to (1 p.) the ownership of real property or to (1 p.) the ownership of personal property.

9.  A written promise or a guarantee than one party gives to another under a contract is a (1 p.) .

10.  A protection against loss or damage, especially in the form of a promise to pay for any losses or damage that one party to contract gives to another is known as (1 p.) in the UK or (1 p.) in the US.

11.  When something unforeseeable, e.g. a pandemic, stops the parties from fulfilling their contractual obligations, they can rely on a force (1 p.) clause.

12.  An outbreak of a virus is like a fire, hurricane, earthquake or volcano eruption, the examples of natural disasters which lawyers refer to as Acts of (1 p.) .